Yet unexpected population spikes can occur, with the organic control method of choice being an organic spinosad spray. Crucifer Flea Beetle Control With Insecticides Allowed For Organic Production, 2011 ; Flea Beetle Control With Insecticides Allowed For Organic Production, 2012; Crucifer Flea Beetle Control With Insecticides Allowed For Organic Production, 2013; Efficacy trials of OMRI approved materials on vegetable crops, 2001; Potato Leafhopper. They quickly leap out of sight when disturbed. Feeding by the potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris) results in potato or tomato leaves that look like they have been shot through with tiny holes amidst numerous smaller brown pinpricks. Th e Organic Method Primer, Update Special Edition. These shiny oval beetles may be black, brown, bronze, or striped and are only 1/10 inch long. Adults are very small (1/16 inch or so) black or dark brown insects. Organic Gardening. www.attra.ncat.org Page 1 In organic systems, the preferred approaches to preferred by the pestat 6- or 12-inch intervals pest management are those that enhance the among cole crops. Photo: Chris Hay Botanical pesticides recommended for control- season, before fruit set (Maletta et ling fl ea beetles include neem, rotenone, pyre- al., 2002). ping, rotation, and interplanting; those that use special knowledge of pest biology, such as delayed Row-cover materials such as Reema can be used planting; and those that take advantage of exist- to cover seedlings and provide a barrier to adult ing on-farm resources. Bunching green onions, dill, and marigolds are a few examples of companion crops that have been used for flea beetle management. ATTRAs preliminary evaluation for fl ea- Ecological Pest Management Database (https:// beetle control on eggplant. Row covers: The no-spray way to protect plants. Flea beetles can also be managed using resistant plant varieties. Overwintering flea beetle adults emerge in mid- to late spring, become more active when the days get warmer, and move into fields as their preferred host plants become available (Antonelli and Davidson, 2001). Photo credits: (a) Natasha Wright, Florida Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org; (b) Frank Peairs, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org; (c and d) Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org; (e) G. H. Spitler, Washington State University; (f) Ken Gray, courtesy of Oregon State University. Destructive and Golden Harvest Organics Useful Insects, 5th edition. Production genera and species are involved, crop rotation, by itself, has little eff ect as a control strategy. Flea Beetle: Organic Control Options. http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/20499/em8947-e.pdf, http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/documents/seedpotatoes/eb1198e.pdf, http://www.extension.umn.edu/Garden/insects/find/flea-beetles/, http://web.pppmb.cals.cornell.edu/resourceguide/pdf/resource-guide-for-organic-insect-and-disease-management.pdf, http://www.colostate.edu/Dept/CoopExt/4DMG/VegFruit/rowcover.htm, http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/05592.pdf, http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/abstract.php?seriesno=PNW+550, http://www.uvm.edu/vtveganberry/factsheets/perimeterTC.html, http://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/factsheets/fleabeetle.html, http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.001003, http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/vegetables/misc/fb.pdf, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09670870410001663462#.VKnBomTF9z8, http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantscie/weeds/w1183.pdf, http://www.nwpotatoresearch.com/IPM-fleabeetle.cfm, http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/row-covers-zmaz08fmzmcc.aspx#axzz3H0AWu7bL, http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.150959, http://www.crossref.org/iPage?doi=10.1603%2FEC10151. Applied to the soil, the nematodes attack the beetle's larval stage, Th e kaolin-clay-based product reducing root feeding and helping to prevent the Surround has undergone some next cycle of adults from emerging. Researchers at Washington State University (WSU) explored the use of simple (monocultures) and diverse (polycultures) trap crops to control the crucifer flea beetle in broccoli and found that certain species were more effective than others. Description of the Pest. Crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, on broccoli head. Use the garden fabric in combination with fall tilling and crop rotation. Figure 4: Larva of a western black flea beetle. Several conventional and OMRI-listed organic insecticides were compared for control of flea beetle s (Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze) in fresh-market cabbage and pak choy production . This will have a desiccating effect on pests. There are several commercial insecticides labeled to control flea beetles and allowed for use in certified organic production. The most common solanaceous feeding flea beetles found in North America. Tip: Trap crops, such as mustard and radish, can be planted near garden areas to draw pests away. A few beetles are no match for a vigorously growing plant. broccoli, kale, cabbage, collards), and Solanaceae (e.g. In American gardens, crucifer flea beetles are replaced in summer by species that feed on solanaceous crops, including potatoes, aubergine, tomatoes and tobacco. 1993. This produces a type of injury known as a shothole. Mix 1 oz/ gallon of water and spray all leaf surfaces (including the undersides of leaves) until completely wet. p. 12. well as cultural and chemical controls. Fungal pathogens. Published March 2003 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/3104/3104-1549/3104-1549_pdf.pdf Updated by Rex Dufour, NCAT Agriculture Specialist USDA. Protects to26F. University of California, Oakland, CA. Page 2 Flea Beetle: Organic Control Options preferred by the pestat 6- or 12-inch intervals among cole crops. Yellow sticky traps and sticky tape will physically capture flea beetles, but they also attract some beneficial insects. It also has a residual effect, so you don't have to spray it directly on the bugs. Diverse trap crops combine plants that have different phenologies (life cycles that can be influenced by the environment, weather conditions, and nutrition), chemical profiles, and physical structures that make them more attractive to flea beetles. The potato flea beetle is a very tiny beetle, shiny black in coloration. No date. Flea beetles overwinter as adults, which emerge in early spring and lay eggs at the base of host plants, including wild mustard. These holes can also cause indirect damage by serving as entry points for microorganisms that reduce storage potential or cause potatoes to rot (Antonelli and Davidson, 2001). Once cole season (Anon., 1998). The shape of a trap crop may influence such reactions. Larvae feed on the undersides of leaves. * Most flea beetles feed on a narrow range of host plants. As I mentioned in a post earlier this week, Arthropod Management Tests (AMTs), a journal published by the Entomological Society of America, is a great first source for pesticide efficacy data. The B. bassiana strains GHA and ATCC 74040 are effective at controlling flea beetles, and some formulations are organically approved and can be purchased commercially. Small that garlic extracts are successful in suppressing growers, whose whole crop may comprise just a fl ea beetles, but effi cacy may trail off later in the few rows, will need to act more quickly. Pest behavior and distribution in the field can also impact the success of trap crops. Organic Gardening gardeners report. Flea beetles cause our other sustainable agriculture and corn. Perimeter trap cropping: A novel approach to insect pest control. Flea Beetle: Organic Control Options 1. [Online]. These hind legs give the insect its common name. For trap cropping to be successful, the trap crop should be 10% of the crop area used (Hokkanen, 1991) or even more (Shelton and Badenes-Perez, 2006). Published 2015. It is advisable to get the row cover in place fi ed by cultural and biological controls, which will at or before emergence for maximum protection. Maletta, M. et al. However, minor damage to foliage, particularly to non-marketable parts of the plant, can be tolerated without a loss in yield. When approached or touched, the insect will jump off the plant in a similar fashion to a grasshopper. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. The Pest control products Depot makes no claims or warranties to its accuracy. Photo credits: (a) Frank Peairs, Colorado State University, bugwood.org; (b and c) Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org. Trap crops can also be deployed as monocultures (one trap crop species) or as mixes in polycultures (many trap crop species). 2002. FLEA BEETLE: ORGANIC CONTROL OPTIONS CURRENT TOPIC By George Kuepper NCAT Agriculture Specialist March 2003 Abstract This publication focuses on organic control of flea beetles, one of the more serious vegetable crop pests. They eat a wide variety of leaves and can ruin your entire crop if they go unchecked. In many cases flea beetle damage is cosmetic. CRC Fax: 520-825-2038 Press, Boston, MA. Near . Generally, warmer temperatures allow for more flea beetle generations to be completed. University of California, Davis, CA. IPM Practitioner. Most flea beetles' larvae, or early stages, eat roots, but as they mature move to chew the leaves on your plants. For example, crop rotation is usually not a viable management strategy because flea beetles are extremely mobile and can readily migrate from field to field. Severe infestations stunt plants and reduce yields. By intercropping or planting companion plants next to host plants, you will create a more diverse planting that makes the host plants less apparent to the pest. Flea beetles in home gardens [Online]. What You'll Learn Identification, Biology, and Distribution Life Cycle Flea Beetle Types Damage Caused Organic Control Methods Cultural Planting Schedules Sanitation Till the Soil Trap Crops Mulches Companion Plants (b) big eyed bugs (Geocoris spp.) chinensis) protected broccoli from the crucifer flea beetle more successfully than these species planted alone or in polycultures of two species (Parker, 2012). Symptoms of fl ea beetle feeding are small, vegetation until crop plants become available. Quite a bit of research has been done in search of reliable organic controls for crucifer flea beetles. Ellis, Barbara W. and Fern Marshall Bradley. Floating row coverslet in sun, water and air but keep bugs out! They are mostly about 2mm (about 1/10in) long, but big bugs can be 3-4mm. Living mulches are crops that can be interplanted with or undersown within a cash crop to interfere with the flea beetles ability to locate host plants. Some growers note control of Colorado potato beetle. The tuber flea beetle appears dull black in bright light, whereas the western potato flea beetle tends to have a more bronze appearance (Northwest Potato Research Consortium). Its effectiveness is not limited to organic remedies but also includes non-toxic alternatives. ncsu.edu/AG295/html/fl ea_beetles.htm Eco-Farm & Garden. Available online at: Hooks, C., and M. Johnson. 4c and 4d, respectively) looks like shot-holes ranging in size from 1/16 to 1/8 inch in diameter. Researchers at Oregon State University saw a moderate improvement in flea beetle control when barley straw mulch or municipal yard waste large leaf mulch was applied in small-scale organic potato fields in plots of at least 150 square feet (personal communication with Mario Ambrosino). Since the trap crop is consumed and damaged by the pest, it is usually unmarketable. Cranshaw. (If you have difficulty using this form, please use our Contact Form to send us your comment, along with the title of this article. Simply cooking greens with a few holes in them, like the rocket at the top of the page, makes the blemishes disappear. Photos by Dr. Matt Bertone, NC The first thing to do is to keep the soil wet in dry, warm weather and the ground around plants well weeded. January. Available at: Antonelli, A. L., and R. M. Davidson. Flea beetle feeding on plants in the Brassicaceae and Solanaceae families can scar foliage and potato tubers, leading to reduced marketable yields and potential total crop loss. For example, wormwood, thyme, catnip, and other kinds of mint cover up the scent of nearby plants. Damage to the thinner leaves (e.g., mustard and potato plants) (Figs. The fungus releases toxins that liquefy the insides of the insect, creating a food source for the fungus and subsequently killing the insect (Caldwell et al., 2013). Flea beetle, Parker, J. E. 2012. A trap crop composed of mustard is flanked on both sides by a broccoli-cash crop. 2001. The major flea beetle pests in organic brassicas and solanaceous crops in North America are listed in Tables 1 and 2, and images of adults are shown in Figures 2 and 3. With big, robust potato and tomato plants, flea beetles seldom come close to damaging 30 percent of the plants leaf cover, the damage level needed to reduce yields. 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